Adjustment of the waterway contains every constructional measure to a navigable channel, e.g. Broadening of curved waterways, deepening of the wat...

Land use conversion is a general term for large scale geographic change. Afforestation is one such land conversion in which trees are planted on pr...

Naturally occurring sand dunes are wind-formed sand deposits representing a store of sediment in the zone just landward of normal high tides. Artif...

Beach nourishment is an adaptation technology primarily used in response to shoreline erosion, although flood reduction benefits may also occur. It...

A bioretention area is a stormwater treatment system that is a depression integrated into the landscape. A bioretention area captures runoff from a...

Bypass channel, also known as a flood-relief channel, is an artificially made waterway constructed in order to protect urban and rural agricultural...

Canals and rills are open surface water channels with hard edges. They are simply channels that water flows along whereby they can have a variety o...

The purpose of urban drainage systems (a.k.a. collection systems) is to enable safe and reliable disposal of stormwater runoff (i.e., they are at t...

This activity involves techniques to resolve the issues created by culverted watercourses. This is predominantly through deculverting, or ‘daylight...

Demountable flood protection barriers consist of a combination of removable and pre-installed permanent components. The system is planned to be ere...

A dike or levee is an elongated artificially constructed embankment, which protects low-lying areas against higher water levels. It is usually made...

A ditch is usually defined as a small to moderate depression created to channel water. A ditch can be used for drainage, e.g. to drain water from l...

The term dredging is used to refer to the systematic removal of accumulated material from river or other watercourse channels. In its most extreme...

A dwelling mound is an artificial hill made from earth, created to provide safe ground for humans and animals during storm surges. This concept ...

A fascine is a bundle of sticks or brushwood used in construction, generally to strengthen an earthen structure, fill ditches, or make a path acros...

These are cellular barriers filled with aggregates or water to form a barrier against floodwater. Containers can be divided into two categories, pe...

Filter strips are gently sloping, vegetated strips of land that provide opportunities for slow conveyance and infiltration (where appropriate). The...

Flexible water level management involves anticipating precipitation that has been forecast. The water level is lowered before a shower is expected,...

Road transport infrastructure and evacuation routes that are prone to flooding need to be flood proofed to reduce the vulnerability and negative im...

Flood detention reservoir, also known as an attenuation or balancing or flood control reservoir or detention basin, collects water at times of ve...

Flood forecasting is an important component of flood warning. Flood forecasting involves prediction of water levels and flows at particular locatio...

These barriers are made of a single or pair of rigid sections (usually steel or fibreglass), designed to close a gap within a flood defence. They a...

Flood hazard mapping is an exercise to define those areas which are at risk of flooding under extreme conditions. As such, its primary objective is...

Evacuation routes and infrastructure in cities that are prone to flooding need to be flood proofed. Available options to reduce the negative impact...

Flood shelters are created in areas which experience severe flooding. Elevated flood shelters should be constructed above the highest expected floo...

A floodwall is a primarily vertical artificial barrier designed to temporarily contain the water of a river or other waterway which may rise to unu...

A gutter is a non-permeable open drain to collect transport rainwater. Usually a gutter runs along a road. It is connected to either a manhole or a...

Hydraulic Fill is fill in which the materials are deposited by a flowing stream of water. This fill material will originate from a borrow area or d...

Increasing the capacity of the sewer/drainage system increases the ability of the system to drain excess surface water during heavy rains and preve...

Improving the soil infiltration capacity means improving the permeability of the soil. If the infiltration capacity of the soil is increased, more ...

The main objective of land claim is neither erosion nor storm reduction. The aim of land claim is instead, to create new land from areas that were ...

Storm-Water, Drainage Master Plan was prepared by SBLA in 1992. In 2003 it was updated. About 60% has been implemented.

Set up regulations on maintenance of the hydraulic structures and drainage network infrastructures so that their maximum conveyance capacity will b...

Managed realignment or managed retreat allows an area that was not previously exposed to flooding by the sea to become flooded by removing coastal ...

Multifunctional Flood Defences (MFD) is a newly developed concept to optimize allocation of urban space rather than constructing stand-alone struct...

The central concept for the revised water safety policy is formed by 'multi-layer safety'. In this concept safety is assured through multiple layer...

Ένα δίκτυο εσωτερικής ναυσιπλοΐας εστιάζει κυρίως στη διασύνδεση των υδάτινων σωμάτων που βρίσκονται σε κοντινές αποστάσεις. Συνδέοντάς τα, με υπόγ...

Permeable paving is a range of sustainable materials and techniques for permeable pavements with a base and sub base that allow the movement of wat...

A polder is a low-lying tract of land enclosed by embankments (barriers) known as dikes that forms an artificial hydrological entity, meaning it ha...

Restructuring of the layout of the port, its equipment and flood protection system.

A pumping station is used to discharge water out of an area. It can be used to transport sewer water in pressure mains. Another option is to be use...

One option for creating additional water storage facilities is storing in underground crates. This is a hidden technology that fits the criteria of...

Kerb or curb is the edge of the pavement at the side of the road. Water can be channeled along streets with raised kerbs and also to limit contact ...

River training refers to the structural measures which are taken to improve a river and its banks. River training is an important component in the ...

A sandbag is a bag or sack made of hessian / burlap, polypropylene or other materials, that is filled with sand or soil and it is used for flood de...

Seawalls are hard engineered structures with a primary function to prevent further erosion of the shoreline. They are built parallel to the shore a...

A sluice is a gate used to control the rate of flow of water. It fulfills the function of a flood protection and hinterland drainage. In normal ope...

Storm surge barriers are hard engineered structures with a primary function of preventing coastal flooding. Their secondary role is to shorten the ...

Stormwater harvesting (SWH) consists in collecting, storing and reusing stormwater collected from drains or creeks, on the contrary to rainwater ha...

Stormwater tanks are an effective way of reducing peak flow and equalising flow rates from storm water runoffs in the sewer system. Placed strategi...

A swale is a low tract of land, especially one that is moist or marshy. The term can refer to a natural landscape feature or a human-created one. A...

Many towns and cities have large numbers of unused sewers. It is often too expensive to remove them. Giving those unused sewers a second life for r...

An urban forest is a forest or a collection of trees that grow within a city, town or a suburb. In a wider sense it may include any kind of woody p...

The water square combines water storage with the improvement of the quality of urban public space. It makes money invested in water storage facilit...

A weir is a barrier across a river designed to alter the flow characteristics. In most cases weirs take the form of obstructions smaller than most ...

A wetland (Natural or Constructed/Artificial) is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on ...

Wharf is the oldest term in English referring to port structures. It denotes any structure of timber, masonry, cement, or other material built alon...