A bioretention area is a stormwater treatment system that is a depression integrated into the landscape. A bioretention area captures runoff from a...

Canals and rills are open surface water channels with hard edges. They are simply channels that water flows along whereby they can have a variety o...

This activity involves techniques to resolve the issues created by culverted watercourses. This is predominantly through deculverting, or ‘daylight...

Demountable flood protection barriers consist of a combination of removable and pre-installed permanent components. The system is planned to be ere...

A ditch is usually defined as a small to moderate depression created to channel water. A ditch can be used for drainage, e.g. to drain water from l...

These are cellular barriers filled with aggregates or water to form a barrier against floodwater. Containers can be divided into two categories, pe...

A filter drain is a gravel filled trench, generally with a perforated pipe at the base. Runoff flows slowly through the granular material, trapping...

Filter strips are gently sloping, vegetated strips of land that provide opportunities for slow conveyance and infiltration (where appropriate). The...

Road transport infrastructure and evacuation routes that are prone to flooding need to be flood proofed to reduce the vulnerability and negative im...

These barriers are made of a single or pair of rigid sections (usually steel or fibreglass), designed to close a gap within a flood defence. They a...

Evacuation routes and infrastructure in cities that are prone to flooding need to be flood proofed. Available options to reduce the negative impact...

Flood shelters are created in areas which experience severe flooding. Elevated flood shelters should be constructed above the highest expected floo...

Frame barriers consist of rigid frames with impermeable membranes or sections spanning between them. They rely on supporting frames and the weight ...

A gutter is a non-permeable open drain to collect transport rainwater. Usually a gutter runs along a road. It is connected to either a manhole or a...

Improving the soil infiltration capacity means improving the permeability of the soil. If the infiltration capacity of the soil is increased, more ...

Multifunctional Flood Defences (MFD) is a newly developed concept to optimize allocation of urban space rather than constructing stand-alone struct...

The central concept for the revised water safety policy is formed by 'multi-layer safety'. In this concept safety is assured through multiple layer...

Permeable paving is a range of sustainable materials and techniques for permeable pavements with a base and sub base that allow the movement of wat...

A pumping station is used to discharge water out of an area. It can be used to transport sewer water in pressure mains. Another option is to be use...

One option for creating additional water storage facilities is storing in underground crates. This is a hidden technology that fits the criteria of...

A sluice is a gate used to control the rate of flow of water. It fulfills the function of a flood protection and hinterland drainage. In normal ope...

Soakaways are square or circular excavations either filled with rubble or lined with brickwork, pre-cast concrete or polyethylene rings/perforated ...

Stormwater harvesting (SWH) consists in collecting, storing and reusing stormwater collected from drains or creeks, on the contrary to rainwater ha...

A swale is a low tract of land, especially one that is moist or marshy. The term can refer to a natural landscape feature or a human-created one. A...

The water square combines water storage with the improvement of the quality of urban public space. It makes money invested in water storage facilit...

A wetland (Natural or Constructed/Artificial) is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on ...