Governments of emerging-economy countries raise money for disaster response and rehabilitation by diverting funds from other budgeted items such as...

Coastal setbacks are a prescribed distance to a coastal feature such as the line of permanent vegetation, within which all or certain types of deve...

Community involvement is a bottom up approach which involves the community in decision-making process. For example, communities living in flood-pro...

Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established systematic fashion, which then enable...

Demountable flood protection barriers consist of a combination of removable and pre-installed permanent components. The system is planned to be ere...

Through municipal archives, citizens will be able to be kept informed about both the natural and technological risks to which the municipality has ...

An Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) is a central location where response personnel can coordinate and make decisions in support of emergency respon...

Emergency supplies and utilities are necessary in case of a flood emergency. It should consist of food and drinks, first aid kit and other provisio...

EU adopted the Flood Risk Management Directive. Directive 2007/60/EC on the assessment and management of flood risks entered into force on 26 Novem...

The purpose of evacuation is to relocate people temporarily from areas at risk of the consequences of flooding to places of safety. Emergency evacu...

Evacuation routes at an elevated level are necessary as a route for safe evacuation in flood events. They should be constructed above the highest e...

Disasters and emergencies such as floods can affect people in any part of the world and at any time of the year, swiftly and without warning. Even...

Flood emergency framework sets out the government’s strategic approach to achieving the aims set out below and is intended for use by all those inv...

Flood forecasting is an important component of flood warning. Flood forecasting involves prediction of water levels and flows at particular locatio...

Flood hazard mapping is an exercise to define those areas which are at risk of flooding under extreme conditions. As such, its primary objective is...

Flood insurance is an important risk management tool that can be applied at various levels: individual, corporate and government. It provides a mec...

A common way for emerging-economy governments to raise funds after a disaster is to borrow from their central bank reserves or to issue government ...

A high water flood mark is a point that represents the maximum rise of a body of water over land. Such a mark is often the result of a flood and ai...

Hydrological and Meteorological Observatory is an observation service dedicated to long-term monitoring of climatological and hydrological changes....

An Independent commission is a politically independent executive arm. It is alone responsible for drawing up proposals for new legislation. (Europe...

Emerging-economy governments have the opportunity to borrow at low interest rates from international lending organizations aiming at pre-disaster p...

Spatial planning systems are the methods used by the public sector to influence the distribution of people and activities in spaces of various scal...

The pursuit of a safe, healthy and sustainable water management is of national interest in the Netherlands. Themes like "water and the city", "wat...

Set up regulations on maintenance of the hydraulic structures and drainage network infrastructures so that their maximum conveyance capacity will b...

Organizing and recording partnerships between the various actors so that optimal responsiveness of the population can be produced in case of a warn...

The central concept for the revised water safety policy is formed by 'multi-layer safety'. In this concept safety is assured through multiple layer...

According to the UNDP, in the global context, capacity refers to the ability of individuals and institutions to make and implement decisions and pe...

The municipal plan expresses the shared goals, objectives and priorities of a community and allows its members to work together for a specific goal...

Impose implementation of measures for mitigation and vulnerability reduction through the construction code of town planning. (ASFPM, Modifications ...

Inform local citizens and visitors about the major hazards through public meetings, flyers, website, training, collaborative platforms, brochures,...

Rainwater disconnection, i.e. the separation of the sewage system from the rainwater discharge system, is also a solution to prevent sewer flooding...

A red alert emergency exercise enables the simulation/testing of population/authorities response and plans in case of an extreme flood event occurs...

The aim of flood rescue operations is to move people from immediate or potential harm to safety. Failed evacuation operations (e.g. evacuation oper...

Building a catastrophic reserve fund is one of the measures assisting risk management as it will enable claims to be provided in years with unusual...

Uncertainties in climate change make it difficult to predict precisely the required degree of protection. Often, when it is cheap, it is sensible t...

Social network mapping can help stakeholders to locate their place within a wider network, and this network can be communicated and explained to ot...

Storm surge barriers are hard engineered structures with a primary function of preventing coastal flooding. Their secondary role is to shorten the ...

After a disaster, the government can raise funds for disaster rehabilitation with a tax. Like hedging instruments, a tax spreads the costs of the d...

Vulnerability assessment is important in to consider in risk management and flood damage assessment. Researches with vulnerability subject involves...